746 Most Repeated CSS Vocabulary Words

To officially cancel or put an end to a law, treaty, or agreement.

منسوخ کرنا

“The new government moved swiftly to abrogate the controversial ordinance passed by its predecessor.”

To accept something reluctantly but without protest.

خاموشی سے مان لینا

“Facing pressure from the opposition, the minister chose to acquiesce rather than risk a prolonged standoff.”

Brisk and cheerful readiness to do something.

پھرتی، بشاشت

“Civil society responded with alacrity to the flood appeal, raising funds within hours.”

To make suffering, a problem, or deficiency less severe.

کم کرنا، تخفیف کرنا

“Subsidized wheat prices were introduced to alleviate the burden of inflation on low-income households.”

Open to more than one interpretation; not clearly defined.

مبہم

“Critics argued that the policy's ambiguous wording left too much room for bureaucratic discretion.”

To make a bad or unsatisfactory situation better.

بہتر بنانا

“Land reforms were proposed to ameliorate the chronic poverty afflicting the rural population.”

Hostile and aggressive in tone or intent.

جنگجویانہ

“The belligerent rhetoric exchanged by the two neighbours raised fears of a fresh border escalation.”

The quality of being well-meaning and kind.

نیک نیتی، خیر خواہی

“The philanthropist's benevolence funded scholarships for hundreds of underprivileged students.”

Gentle, kindly, or not harmful.

نرم، بے ضرر

“Analysts described the central bank's stance as benign, unlikely to shock an already fragile market.”

Noisy, energetic, and unrestrained.

شور مچانے والا

“The boisterous crowd outside the assembly reflected the public's frustration with rising utility bills.”

Pompous or exaggerated language intended to impress.

بلند بانگ باتیں

“Beneath the bombast of his campaign speeches lay very few concrete policy proposals.”

To persuade someone through flattery or false promises.

چرب زبانی سے راضی کرنا

“Lobbyists tried to cajole lawmakers into softening the environmental regulations.”

Truthful and straightforward; frank.

صاف گو

“In a candid interview, the outgoing chief justice admitted the judiciary's case backlog was a systemic failure.”

To reprimand someone severely.

سخت سرزنش کرنا

“The auditor general's report castigated several departments for years of unchecked financial mismanagement.”

Sarcastic in a hurtful, biting way.

طنزیہ، جلا دینے والا

“Her caustic remarks about the budget left little doubt about her opinion of the finance ministry.”

Strong, formal disapproval or criticism.

شدید مذمت

“The assembly moved to censure the minister after leaked documents exposed the irregularities.”

Clear, logical, and convincing.

قابلِ قبول، مدلل

“The commission presented a cogent case for restructuring the country's outdated tax code.”

To reduce or restrict something.

کم کرنا، محدود کرنا

“The IMF programme required the government to curtail its subsidy spending sharply.”

A severe lack or scarcity of something.

کمی، قلت

“A dearth of qualified teachers continues to undermine public education in rural districts.”

Causing harm or damage.

نقصان دہ

“Economists warned of the deleterious effects of unchecked deforestation on the country's water table.”

A political leader who exploits popular emotions rather than reason.

عوامی جذبات سے کھیلنے والا سیاست دان

“Historians caution that economic despair often creates fertile ground for a demagogue to rise.”

To use up the supply or resources of something.

ختم کرنا، خالی کرنا

“Years of overfishing have severely depleted stocks along the coastal belt.”

To express contempt for; ridicule.

تمسخر اڑانا

“Opposition leaders derided the budget as a mere continuation of failed past policies.”

To discourage someone from acting through fear of consequences.

روکنا، باز رکھنا

“Harsher penalties alone rarely deter corruption unless paired with genuine institutional accountability.”

Inclined to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true.

ضدی، اٹل رائے رکھنے والا

“A dogmatic approach to economic policy leaves little room for adapting to changing global conditions.”

To draw out a response or reaction.

حاصل کرنا، اگلوانا

“The survey was designed to elicit honest feedback from citizens about local governance.”

To make something clear; explain.

واضح کرنا

“The spokesperson was asked to elucidate the government's position on the new trade agreement.”

To weaken someone's physical or mental energy.

کمزور کرنا

“Chronic underinvestment has enervated the public health system for decades.”

To cause or give rise to a feeling or situation.

پیدا کرنا

“Persistent inequality tends to engender resentment among marginalized communities.”

To completely destroy or eliminate something.

جڑ سے مٹانا

“The campaign aims to eradicate polio from the country's remaining high-risk districts.”

Having or showing great knowledge or learning.

علم دوست، فاضل

“The panel included several erudite scholars of constitutional law.”

To make a problem or situation worse.

بگاڑنا، شدت دینا

“Rising fuel prices have exacerbated the cost-of-living crisis facing ordinary households.”

Treating serious issues with inappropriate humour.

مذاق اڑانے والا

“His facetious response to a question about inflation drew sharp criticism from economists.”

Based on a mistaken belief; logically unsound.

غلط، مغالطہ آمیز

“The minister's fallacious argument ignored the actual data on unemployment.”

Patient self-control; restraint.

برداشت، تحمل

“The court urged both parties to exercise forbearance while the case remained under review.”

Sparing or economical with money or resources.

کفایت شعار

“A frugal fiscal policy helped the province avoid the debt crisis affecting its neighbours.”

Excessively talkative, especially about trivial matters.

بہت بولنے والا

“The garrulous committee chairman turned a ten-minute briefing into a two-hour session.”

Relevant to a subject under discussion.

متعلقہ، موزوں

“Few of the amendments proposed were actually germane to the bill's original purpose.”

Sociable; fond of company.

ملنسار

“His gregarious nature made him a natural fit for grassroots political campaigning.”

Easily deceived or tricked.

آسانی سے دھوکہ کھانے والا

“Fraudulent investment schemes continue to prey on gullible small investors.”

A person or thing that signals the approach of something.

پیش خبر دینے والا

“Economists viewed the falling exports as a harbinger of tougher months ahead.”

A belief or opinion that strongly conflicts with accepted views.

بدعت، مخالف عقیدہ

“Questioning the ruling party's economic model was once treated as near heresy within the coalition.”

The practice of claiming standards one does not actually follow.

منافقت

“Voters grew tired of the hypocrisy of leaders who preached austerity while living lavishly.”

A person who attacks cherished beliefs or institutions.

روایت شکن

“The young reformer earned a reputation as an iconoclast within an otherwise conservative bureaucracy.”

Deserving or causing public disgrace.

رسوا کن

“The scandal led to the minister's ignominious resignation within days.”

Forbidden by law, rules, or custom.

غیر قانونی

“The task force was formed to crack down on illicit trade along the border.”

To delay or obstruct someone or something.

رکاوٹ ڈالنا

“Bureaucratic red tape continues to impede foreign investment in the manufacturing sector.”

Of vital importance; crucial.

لازمی، ضروری

“Reforming the tax collection system is imperative if the country hopes to reduce its fiscal deficit.”

Unable to be affected or influenced by something.

بے اثر

“The commission appeared impervious to public criticism of its slow progress.”

Originating naturally in a particular place; native.

مقامی، اصلی باشندوں سے متعلق

“The policy sought to protect the rights of indigenous communities displaced by the new dam project.”

Impossible to stop or prevent.

ناقابلِ روک

“Climate scientists describe the rise in sea levels as slow but inexorable.”

Fearless; adventurous.

بے خوف، نڈر

“The intrepid journalist continued reporting from the flood zone despite the risks.”

Having or showing good judgment; sensible.

دانشمندانہ

“A judicious mix of monetary and fiscal measures helped stabilize the currency.”

Deserving praise and commendation.

قابلِ تعریف

“The province's vaccination drive was a laudable achievement given its limited resources.”

Treating a serious matter with humour or lack of due respect.

بے تکلفی، ہلکا پن

“Members were reminded that levity had no place in a debate over the flood death toll.”

Tending to talk a great deal; talkative.

بہت باتونی

“The normally loquacious senator gave uncharacteristically brief answers to reporters.”

The wish to do evil or cause harm to others.

بدخواہی

“The report found no evidence of malevolence, only administrative negligence.”

Easily influenced or shaped.

لچکدار، آسانی سے ڈھلنے والا

“Public opinion on the reform proved more malleable once its economic benefits were clearly explained.”

Showing great attention to detail; very careful and precise.

باریک بین

“The audit was meticulous, tracing every rupee of the development fund's disbursement.”

Lacking interest or excitement; ordinary.

روزمرہ کا، عام

“Behind the mundane paperwork lies a bureaucracy that quietly shapes millions of lives.”

A countless or extremely great number.

بے شمار

“The task force must navigate a myriad of legal and administrative hurdles before the project begins.”

Wicked or criminal.

شریرانہ، ناپاک

“Investigators uncovered a nefarious network smuggling subsidized fertilizer across the border.”

Harmful, poisonous, or very unpleasant.

زہریلا، مضر

“Factories near residential areas continue to release noxious fumes with little regulatory oversight.”

Stubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or course of action.

ضدی، سخت دل

“Despite mounting pressure, the negotiators on both sides remained obdurate.”

Excessively eager to please or obey; servile.

خوشامدی

“Junior officers were expected to be obsequious toward their seniors, a culture that stifled honest feedback.”

Assertive of authority in an annoying, overbearing way.

بلاجواز مداخلت کرنے والا

“The officious clerk demanded documents that were never actually required by law.”

Giving the impression something bad is about to happen.

منحوس، خطرے کی علامت

“The widening trade deficit was an ominous sign for the months ahead.”

Involving a heavy burden of duty or responsibility.

بوجھل، دشوار

“Small businesses complained that the new compliance rules were unnecessarily onerous.”

To make a problem less severe without actually solving it.

وقتی طور پر تخفیف کرنا

“Critics argued the relief package would only palliate, not resolve, the underlying debt crisis.”

A person or thing regarded as a perfect example of a quality.

مثالی نمونہ

“The judge was long regarded as a paragon of judicial integrity.”

Unwilling to spend money or use resources; excessively frugal.

کنجوس

“The finance ministry's parsimonious approach to development spending drew criticism from provincial governments.”

The presence of something in only small or insufficient quantities.

کمی، قلت

“A paucity of reliable data continues to hamper evidence-based policymaking.”

Having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way.

مہلک، تباہ کن

“Nepotism has a pernicious effect on merit-based institutions over time.”

To make someone less angry or hostile.

منانا، ٹھنڈا کرنا

“The announcement was widely seen as an attempt to placate an increasingly restless electorate.”

Not securely held; uncertain or risky.

غیر یقینی، خطرناک

“The coalition government's precarious majority left it vulnerable to a single defection.”

Widespread in a particular area or at a particular time.

عام، رائج

“Child labour remains prevalent in several informal sectors of the economy.”

Eager or quick to argue or fight.

لڑاکو

“His pugnacious style in parliament made him a favourite of television talk shows.”

A state of uncertainty over what to do in a difficult situation.

شش و پنج، مخمصہ

“Policymakers found themselves in a quandary, torn between growth and inflation control.”

Aggressively greedy or grasping.

لالچی، حریص

“Rapacious land grabs by influential developers have displaced entire fishing communities.”

Having an obstinately uncooperative attitude.

سرکش، نافرمان

“A handful of recalcitrant bureaucrats continued to resist the digitization drive.”

A person who lives alone and avoids others.

گوشہ نشین

“The scholar lived as something of a recluse in his final years, avoiding public life entirely.”

To refuse to accept or be associated with; reject.

رد کرنا، انکار کرنا

“The party moved quickly to repudiate the extremist remarks made by one of its members.”

The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness.

لچک، ثابت قدمی

“The economy showed surprising resilience despite back-to-back global shocks.”

Having or showing keen mental discernment and good judgment.

دانا، عقلمند

“The commission's sagacious recommendations balanced fiscal discipline with social protection.”

Optimistic or positive, especially in a difficult situation.

پرامید

“Officials remained sanguine about growth prospects despite the disappointing quarterly figures.”

Grimly mocking or cynical.

طنزیہ، طنز آمیز

“His sardonic tone during the press briefing did little to reassure worried investors.”

Comfort in a time of distress or sadness.

تسلی، دلاسا

“Flood victims found some solace in the swift arrival of relief supplies.”

Superficially plausible but actually wrong.

بظاہر درست مگر غلط

“The minister's specious defence of the policy failed to address the actual data.”

Briefly and clearly expressed.

جامع، مختصر

“The report's succinct summary made its findings accessible to non-experts as well.”

A person who acts obsequiously to gain advantage.

خوشامدی

“The bureaucracy was often criticized for rewarding sycophants over competent officers.”

Reserved or uncommunicative in speech.

کم گو

“The usually taciturn governor surprised reporters with a lengthy, candid statement.”

Sparing in the use of words; abrupt.

مختصر و جامع

“The ministry issued a terse statement denying any wrongdoing.”

Lasting only for a short time.

عارضی، ناپائیدار

“Analysts cautioned that the rally in the stock market was likely transient.”

A feeling of fear or anxiety about something that may happen.

خوف، تشویش

“Aspirants approach the CSS interview with a mix of excitement and trepidation.”

Overused and unoriginal; lacking freshness.

گھسا پٹا

“The politician's trite promises of reform failed to move an increasingly skeptical electorate.”

Present, appearing, or found everywhere.

ہر جگہ موجود

“Smartphones have become ubiquitous even in the country's remotest villages.”

An unpredictable or unaccountable change or action.

ہوس، چونکا دینے والی تبدیلی

“Farmers remain at the mercy of the vagaries of an increasingly erratic monsoon.”

Showing strong and passionate feeling.

شدید، پرجوش

“The proposal met with vehement opposition from civil society groups.”

Conformity to facts; accuracy; truthfulness.

سچائی، صداقت

“Journalists were asked to verify the veracity of the leaked documents before publishing.”

Using more words than needed; wordy.

طویل و عریض

“The committee was told to trim its verbose 300-page report to a readable summary.”

Keeping careful watch for possible danger or difficulties.

چوکس، ہوشیار

“Regulators were urged to remain vigilant against emerging risks in the banking sector.”

Liable to change rapidly and unpredictably.

غیر مستحکم، اتار چڑھاؤ والا

“A volatile currency market has made long-term investment planning increasingly difficult.”

Playfully quaint or fanciful, especially in an unpredictable way.

من موجی

“Critics warned against whimsical policy shifts that undermine investor confidence.”

The defining spirit or mood of a particular period of history.

دور کا مزاج، عہد کی روح

“The essay captured the zeitgeist of a generation disillusioned with traditional politics.”

To encourage or assist someone in doing something wrong, especially a crime.

اکسانا، مدد کرنا (جرم میں)

“Officials who abet corruption should face the same accountability as those who commit it.”

A state of temporary suspension or inactivity.

التوا، معطلی

“The reform bill was held in abeyance until the new assembly could take it up.”

To solemnly renounce a belief, cause, or claim.

دستبردار ہونا، ترک کرنا

“The candidate publicly abjured the extremist views he had once espoused.”

The act of washing oneself, especially as part of a religious rite.

وضو، غسل

“The travel writer described the ritual ablutions performed at the shrine each morning.”

To leave hurriedly and secretly, typically to escape from custody or avoid arrest.

فرار ہونا، چوری چھپے بھاگ جانا

“The accused absconded before the verdict could be announced.”

Sparing or moderate in eating and drinking; self-restrained.

میانہ رو، پرہیزگار

“Civil servants are expected to lead an abstemious lifestyle befitting public trust.”

Difficult to understand; obscure.

مشکل، پیچیدہ

“The examiner criticized the essay for its abstruse jargon rather than clear argument.”

To be next to or touching, as of a boundary or building.

متصل ہونا، ملحق ہونا

“The proposed housing scheme abuts a protected wetland, raising environmental concerns.”

To agree to a demand, request, or treaty.

منظور کرنا، رضامند ہونا

“After months of negotiation, both provinces acceded to the revised water-sharing formula.”

Sharply pungent or bitter, especially in smell or taste.

تلخ، تیز

“An acrid haze from crop burning hangs over the capital every autumn.”

The ability to make good judgments and quick decisions, typically in a particular domain.

فہم و فراست، تیز فہمی

“The finance minister's political acumen helped steer the budget through a divided assembly.”

A traditional saying expressing a general truth.

کہاوت، مقولہ

“The old adage that prevention is better than cure applies as much to policy as to medicine.”

Refusing to be persuaded or to change one's mind.

اٹل، غیر متزلزل

“The opposition remained adamant that the ordinance be withdrawn before talks could resume.”

A firm warning or reprimand.

تنبیہ، نصیحت

“The court's admonition to the prosecution was a rare rebuke of procedural delay.”

To indicate faintly, or to give a sketchy outline of something.

خاکہ پیش کرنا، مبہم اشارہ دینا

“The policy paper only adumbrates the reforms, leaving the details for a later White Paper.”

Friendly, good-natured, and easy to talk to.

خوش اخلاق، ملنسار

“Despite the tense negotiations, the two delegations maintained an affable working relationship.”

To increase the power, status, or reputation of someone, often unjustifiably.

بڑھا چڑھا کر پیش کرنا

“Critics accused the report of aggrandizing the ruling party's development record.”

To make a problem or bad situation worse.

بگاڑنا، شدت دینا

“Unchecked urban sprawl has aggravated the city's chronic water shortage.”

Able to move quickly and easily; quick to think and understand.

چست، پھرتیلا

“An agile bureaucracy responded to the flood within hours rather than days.”

Highly excited by eagerness, curiosity, or anticipation.

بے تاب، مشتاق

“The nation was agog for the court's ruling on the constitutional petition.”

A small recessed section of a room.

طاق، چھوٹا گوشہ

“The old library had a quiet alcove reserved for reading rare manuscripts.”

Not friendly or forthcoming; cool and distant.

لاتعلق، بے پروا

“The bureaucracy's aloof attitude toward public complaints has eroded citizens' trust.”

To combine or unite to form one organization or structure.

ضم کرنا، یکجا کرنا

“The two regulatory bodies were amalgamated to reduce overlapping mandates.”

Able to use both hands equally well; skilled in more than one approach at once.

دونوں ہاتھوں سے کام کرنے کی صلاحیت رکھنے والا

“An ambidextrous foreign policy balances relations with rival powers without alienating either.”

Something or someone that one vehemently dislikes.

نفرت انگیز چیز، مردود

“Deficit financing is anathema to the finance ministry's new austerity doctrine.”

Critical or censorious remarks.

تنقیدی تبصرہ، ملامت

“The editorial's animadversions on judicial delay drew a sharp response from the bar council.”

Strong hostility or hatred.

دشمنی، عناد

“Decades of animosity between the two states have made trade normalization politically fraught.”

Extremely old or old-fashioned.

بہت پرانا، فرسودہ

“The committee dismissed the colonial-era statute as an antediluvian relic unfit for a digital economy.”

A remedy to counteract a poison, or a solution to an undesirable situation.

تریاق، توڑ

“Transparent procurement is the most effective antidote to institutional corruption.”

Self-confidence or assurance, especially in a demanding situation.

خود اعتمادی، سنجیدگی

“The young diplomat handled the hostile press conference with remarkable aplomb.”

Of doubtful authenticity, although widely circulated as being true.

غیر مستند، من گھڑت

“The often-repeated anecdote about the founder's speech is almost certainly apocryphal.”

The highest point in the development of something; a climax.

عروج، انتہا

“The insurgency reached its apogee in the mid-2000s before a sustained counter-offensive.”

A person who renounces a former belief, cause, or party.

مرتد، منحرف

“Party loyalists branded the defecting senator an apostate to the movement's founding ideals.”

The highest point in the development of something; a glorified ideal.

معراج، اوجِ کمال

“The peace accord was hailed as the apotheosis of a decade of quiet diplomacy.”

A ghost or ghostlike image; a remarkable or unexpected appearance.

بھوت، بھوت جیسی شکل

“The abandoned mill stood on the hillside like an apparition of the town's industrial past.”

To pacify or placate someone by acceding to their demands.

راضی کرنا، تسکین دینا

“Analysts warned that further concessions would only appease the militants temporarily.”

Apt in the circumstances; suitable.

موزوں، مناسب

“The examiner praised the candidate's apposite use of statistics to support each argument.”

To inform or notify someone.

مطلع کرنا، آگاہ کرنا

“The ambassador was apprised of the policy shift only hours before it was announced.”

Approval or praise.

منظوری، پذیرائی

“The reform package won broad approbation from both economists and civil society.”

Relating to, or living in, trees.

درختوں سے متعلق

“The report catalogued the region's arboreal species threatened by deforestation.”

Enthusiasm or passion.

جوش، ولولہ

“The young activists campaigned with an ardour that older party workers found hard to match.”

The jargon or slang of a particular group or class.

مخصوص طبقاتی زبان، اصطلاحی زبان

“Bureaucratic argot often obscures rather than clarifies government decisions for ordinary citizens.”

Complete or utter, used to emphasize a bad quality.

کھلا، صریح (برائی میں)

“The commission's report called the contract award an arrant abuse of discretionary power.”

Practicing severe self-discipline and abstention from indulgence.

زاہد، ریاضت کش

“He adopted an almost ascetic routine while preparing for the CSS examination.”

To attribute something to a cause.

منسوب کرنا

“Economists ascribe the recent inflation spike to both currency depreciation and supply shocks.”

Harshness of tone or manner.

تلخی، سختی

“The judge addressed the delaying tactics with unusual asperity.”

Showing great care, attention, and perseverance.

محنتی، جاں فشاں

“Assiduous fieldwork by the survey team produced the most reliable census figures in decades.”

To make an unpleasant feeling less intense.

تسکین دینا، کم کرنا

“The central bank's statement did little to assuage investor anxiety over the rupee's slide.”

Harsh or severe, especially in tone or criticism.

سخت، تیکھا

“The editorial's astringent criticism of the ministry left little room for defense.”

Having an ability to accurately assess situations and turn this to one's advantage.

دانا، ہوشیار

“An astute negotiator, she extracted concessions the opposing delegation had sworn never to make.”

Reparation for a wrong or injury.

کفارہ، تلافی

“The commission recommended compensation as a form of atonement for decades of neglect.”

Showing a willingness to take surprisingly bold risks.

جری، دلیر

“The finance ministry unveiled an audacious plan to privatize a dozen loss-making enterprises at once.”

A sign of what will happen in the future; an omen.

شگون، پیشین گوئی

“The record voter turnout was seen as a good augury for the credibility of the election.”

Conducive to success; favorable.

خوش آئند، سازگار

“The trade delegation's visit began on an auspicious note, with both sides signing a memorandum within hours.”

Severe or strict in manner; having no comforts or luxuries.

سادہ، سخت گیر

“The IMF programme demanded an austere fiscal stance that strained the coalition's political capital.”

A ruler who has absolute power.

خودمختار حکمران، آمر

“Historians still debate whether the reformist king was an enlightened autocrat or merely a benevolent one.”

Providing supplementary or additional help and support.

معاون، ضمنی

“The provinces were asked to raise auxiliary police forces to handle the surge in law-and-order duties.”

Extreme greed for wealth or material gain.

حرصِ زر، لالچ

“The inquiry traced the scandal to bureaucratic avarice rather than any genuine policy failure.”

To state or assert to be the case.

دعویٰ کرنا، یقین سے کہنا

“The minister averred that the subsidy cut would not affect the poorest households.”

A strong dislike or disinclination.

نفرت، بیزاری

“Public aversion to further taxation forced the government to look elsewhere for revenue.”

To assert or confess openly.

کھلے عام اقرار کرنا

“The candidate avowed his commitment to judicial reform in his very first speech.”

Threatening harm; menacing.

نحوست آمیز، مہلک

“A baleful silence fell over the assembly as the results of the no-confidence vote were read out.”

So lacking in originality as to be obvious and boring.

پھیکا، عام سا

“Examiners routinely penalize essays that rely on banal, over-quoted phrases instead of original argument.”

To take pleasure in warmth or in someone's approval.

لطف اندوز ہونا

“The team basked in the praise that followed their success in negotiating the trade deal.”

To make supremely happy.

خوش کرنا، مسرور کرنا

“The crowd was all but beatified by the announcement of the long-delayed dam's completion.”

To smear something with a sticky or greasy substance, typically untidily.

لتھیڑنا، آلودہ کرنا

“Protesters bedaubed the ministry's gates with slogans overnight.”

Demonstrating aggression and willingness to fight.

جنگ پسند، جارحانہ

“The bellicose rhetoric on both sides of the border did little to help the stalled talks.”

A person who gives money or other help to a person or cause.

محسن، خیر خواہ

“The university's new library was funded by an anonymous benefactor.”

To scold or criticize someone angrily.

سرزنش کرنا، ڈانٹنا

“The committee chairman berated the department for missing its reporting deadline for a third time.”

To cause someone to become perplexed and confused.

حیران کرنا، پریشان کرنا

“Conflicting official statements bewildered citizens trying to follow the new tax rules.”

Flattery intended to persuade someone to do something.

چاپلوسی، خوشامد

“Neither promises nor blandishments could persuade the dissenting senators to change their vote.”

Done openly and unashamedly; completely obvious.

کھلا، واضح

“The audit uncovered blatant irregularities in the disbursement of relief funds.”

Showing a casual and cheerful indifference considered to be improper.

لاپروا، بے فکر

“The minister's blithe dismissal of the report's findings drew criticism from independent economists.”

To support or strengthen.

تقویت دینا، سہارا دینا

“The trade agreement is expected to bolster export earnings over the next fiscal year.”

Rough and bad-mannered; coarse.

غیر مہذب، اجڈ

“The delegate's boorish remarks at the summit embarrassed his own foreign ministry.”

An act of breaking or failing to observe a law or agreement.

خلاف ورزی

“The leaked documents revealed a serious breach of procurement rules.”

Hard but liable to break easily; fragile, as of a situation.

نازک، ٹوٹنے والا

“Analysts described the ceasefire as brittle, likely to collapse at the first provocation.”

To raise a sensitive subject for discussion.

موضوع چھیڑنا

“It fell to the junior minister to broach the unpopular subject of fuel price reform.”

Self-assertive or self-important to an irritating degree.

خود پسند، خود نمائی کرنے والا

“The newly elected councillor's bumptious manner alienated even his own party colleagues.”

Cheerful and optimistic; growing strongly, as of an economy.

خوش مزاج، نمو پذیر

“A buoyant remittance inflow helped cushion the current account deficit this quarter.”

To polish something by rubbing; to improve a reputation.

چمکانا، نکھارنا

“The government hoped the summit would burnish its image on the international stage.”

A secret political clique or faction.

خفیہ سازشی گروہ

“Commentators spoke of a cabal within the party working to undermine the reform agenda.”

A harsh, discordant mixture of sounds.

شور و غل، بدآہنگی

“The parliamentary session dissolved into a cacophony of shouted objections.”

Inexperienced and immature.

ناتجربہ کار، کچی عمر کا

“Critics dismissed him as a callow politician unready for the demands of high office.”

The making of false and defamatory statements about someone.

بہتان، تہمت

“The senator called the corruption allegations pure calumny orchestrated by his rivals.”

Hypocritical and sanctimonious talk; the jargon of a particular group.

منافقانہ باتیں، اصطلاحی زبان

“Voters grew weary of political cant that promised reform but delivered none.”

Having a lot of space inside; roomy.

وسیع، کشادہ

“The new parliament building was designed with a capacious chamber to accommodate future expansion.”

To cease resistance; to accept demands.

ہتھیار ڈالنا، مان لینا

“After weeks of strikes, the administration finally capitulated to the workers' core demands.”

Tending to find fault or raise petty objections.

نکتہ چیں، معترض

“The report was dismissed by ministry officials as a captious critique with no constructive proposals.”

A large waterfall, or a medical condition causing clouded vision.

آبشار؛ موتیا (آنکھ کی بیماری)

“Free cataract-surgery camps have restored sight to thousands in rural districts.”

A commander of a company in the ancient Roman army.

رومی فوج کا صد رئیس

“The historian compared the provincial commissioner's authority to that of a Roman centurion.”

Annoyance or distress at having failed or been humiliated.

شرمندگی، رنج

“Much to the coalition's chagrin, the bill was rejected in its first reading.”

Cautiously or suspiciously reluctant to do something.

محتاط، ہوشیار

“Investors remained chary of committing fresh capital until the political uncertainty eased.”

The use of trickery to achieve a political, financial, or legal purpose.

دھوکہ دہی، فریب کاری

“The tribunal found evidence of bureaucratic chicanery in the awarding of the contract.”

The use of many words where fewer would do, especially to avoid saying something directly.

طوالت کلام، گھما پھرا کر بات کرنا

“Stripped of its circumlocution, the ministry's statement simply confirmed the price hike.”

To treat in an indulgent or overprotective way.

لاڈ پیار کرنا، ضرورت سے زیادہ نگہداشت کرنا

“Economists argue that coddling loss-making state enterprises has only delayed necessary reform.”

To persuade someone using force or threats.

زبردستی کرنا، مجبور کرنا

“Human rights groups accused local landlords of coercing tenants into signing away their land.”

Having the same age or existing during the same period.

ہم عصر، ہم زمانہ

“The two institutions, coeval in their founding, have taken sharply different paths since independence.”

To think deeply about something.

غور و فکر کرنا

“The commission was given six months to cogitate on the constitutional amendments before reporting back.”

Having knowledge or awareness.

باخبر، آگاہ

“Policymakers must remain cognizant of the social cost of subsidy withdrawal.”

Used in ordinary or familiar conversation rather than formal speech or writing.

بول چال کی زبان کا

“The examiner marked down the précis for slipping into colloquial phrasing unsuitable for formal writing.”

Secret or illegal cooperation in order to deceive others.

ملی بھگت، خفیہ ساز باز

“The audit suspected collusion between contractors and the awarding department.”

Fit to be eaten.

خوردنی، کھانے کے قابل

“The relief convoy carried tents, medicine, and other essential comestibles.”

To mark or celebrate an event or person by a ceremony or memorial.

یادگار منانا

“A national holiday was declared to commemorate the region's accession seventy years ago.”

Willingness to please others; politeness.

خوش اخلاقی، رضامندی

“The junior officer's complaisance toward every directive, however flawed, drew quiet criticism.”

To add to something in a way that enhances or completes it.

تکمیل کرنا

“The new metro line is meant to complement, not replace, the city's existing bus network.”

To conduct or behave oneself in a particular manner.

برتاؤ کرنا، طرزِ عمل اپنانا

“Civil servants are trained to comport themselves with strict neutrality during elections.”

A feeling of guilt or moral scruple that prevents or follows an action.

پچھتاوا، ضمیر کی خلش

“He showed no compunction about diverting relief funds meant for flood victims.”

Excessive pride in oneself; an overly favorable opinion of one's own abilities.

خود پسندی، تکبر

“His conceit about the policy's success blinded him to its glaring implementation gaps.”

Intended or likely to placate or pacify.

مصالحانہ، صلح جویانہ

“The prime minister struck a conciliatory tone toward the opposition ahead of the budget session.”

Agreement or harmony between people or groups.

اتفاق، ہم آہنگی

“Regional concord on the water treaty took nearly a decade of quiet diplomacy to achieve.”

To agree.

متفق ہونا

“Most economists concur that the subsidy regime needs to be phased out gradually.”

To make more concise; to reduce in volume.

مختصر کرنا، گاڑھا کرنا

“Candidates must condense a 600-word passage into a précis of roughly one-third the length.”

An extensive fire that destroys a great deal of land or property.

بڑی آتشزدگی

“Poor building codes turned a small kitchen fire into a conflagration that razed an entire market.”

The junction of two rivers, or a coming together of people or things.

دو دریاؤں کا سنگم، اجتماع

“The city grew at the confluence of two rivers, a natural site for trade.”

To change from a fluid to a solid state, especially by cooling.

جمنا، منجمد ہونا

“Public opinion began to congeal around a single demand: accountability for the missing funds.”

To join or become joined for a common purpose.

ملانا، جوڑنا

“The two aid agencies conjoined their relief operations after the earthquake.”

An expert judge in matters of taste.

ماہر، پارکھ

“The critic, a connoisseur of classical Urdu poetry, found the new anthology disappointingly derivative.”

To comfort someone at a time of grief or disappointment.

تسلی دینا

“The governor's visit did little to console families still searching for the missing.”

Standing out so as to be clearly visible.

نمایاں، واضح

“The minister's absence from the flood-relief camp was conspicuous by its own silence.”

A feeling of anxiety or dismay, typically at something unexpected.

پریشانی، گھبراہٹ

“News of the sudden currency devaluation caused consternation among small exporters.”

To make narrower, especially by encircling pressure.

تنگ کرنا، دبانا

“Tight fiscal targets have constricted the government's room to fund new welfare schemes.”

Showing a high degree of skill; complete in every respect.

کامل، اعلیٰ درجے کا

“The treaty was the consummate achievement of a career spent in quiet negotiation.”

Sharing a common border; touching.

متصل، ملحق

“The dispute concerned two contiguous districts claiming the same forest revenue.”

Feeling or expressing remorse for a wrongdoing.

نادم، پشیمان

“The official issued a contrite apology after the leaked memo embarrassed the ministry.”

Stubbornly or willfully disobedient to authority.

سرکش، نافرمان

“The court held the witness in contempt for his contumacious refusal to answer.”

Abundant in supply or quantity.

کثیر، وافر

“The commission gathered copious evidence before recommending the officer's suspension.”

An abundant supply of good things.

کثرت، فراوانی

“The valley offers a cornucopia of fruit that rarely reaches urban markets due to poor logistics.”

Relating to a person's body; physical rather than spiritual.

جسمانی، مادی

“The debate moved from corporeal punishment in schools to its long-term psychological costs.”

To have a mutual relationship or connection.

ربط رکھنا، مطابقت رکھنا

“Literacy rates correlate closely with a district's access to reliable electricity.”

Confirmation or support by additional evidence.

تصدیق، تائید

“The tribunal sought further corroboration before accepting the whistleblower's account.”

Made in exact imitation of something valuable with the intention to deceive.

جعلی، نقلی

“Customs seized a shipment of counterfeit medicines bound for rural pharmacies.”

To offset or counterbalance.

برابر کرنا، توازن قائم کرنا

“Higher tariffs were imposed to countervail the effect of subsidized imports.”

Not openly acknowledged or displayed; secret.

خفیہ، پوشیدہ

“The agency ran a covert operation to track the smuggling network across the border.”

To crouch down in fear.

خوف سے دبک جانا

“Villagers described how they cowered in their homes as the flash flood tore through the settlement.”

Lacking sensitivity, refinement, or intelligence.

ناشائستہ، بھدا

“The remark was widely condemned as a crass display of insensitivity toward the victims' families.”

Having or showing too great a readiness to believe things.

زودِ یقین، آسانی سے یقین کرنے والا

“Fraudulent investment schemes prey on credulous savers desperate for quick returns.”

Greed for money or possessions.

لالچ، حرص

“The commission blamed bureaucratic cupidity, not policy failure, for the scheme's collapse.”

Hasty and therefore not thorough or detailed.

سرسری، جلد بازی میں کیا گیا

“Examiners can tell a cursory reading of the passage from a genuinely engaged précis.”

A person or thing that is the center of attention.

مرکزِ نگاہ، توجہ کا مرکز

“The newly built port quickly became the cynosure of the region's development plans.”

To put off to a later time; to submit to another's judgment.

ملتوی کرنا؛ تابع ہونا

“The committee decided to defer the decision until the audit report was finalized.”

To do something that one considers to be beneath one's dignity.

کسر شان سمجھنا (پھر بھی کرنا)

“The minister rarely deigned to answer questions from the opposition benches directly.”

To describe or portray something precisely.

خاکہ کھینچنا، صراحت کرنا

“The new law clearly delineates the powers reserved for the provincial and federal governments.”

A severe flood; an overwhelming quantity of something.

طوفانِ باراں، سیلاب

“The ministry was deluged with applications within hours of the scholarship scheme's launch.”

An inhabitant or occupant of a particular place.

باشندہ، رہائشی

“The old quarter's denizens have watched three generations of shopkeepers come and go.”

The final part of a narrative in which matters are resolved.

قصے کا انجام، گرہ کشائی

“The court's verdict provided a fitting denouement to a decade-long land dispute.”

Sworn testimony taken outside court; the removal of someone from power.

حلفی بیان؛ معزولی

“The witness's deposition formed the backbone of the prosecution's case.”

To make someone immoral or corrupt.

بدکردار بنانا، بگاڑنا

“The report argued that unchecked power tends to deprave even well-intentioned reformers.”

To express disapproval of.

ناپسندیدگی کا اظہار کرنا

“The bar council deprecated the government's attempt to bypass judicial appointments through ordinance.”

Contemptuous ridicule or mockery.

تمسخر، استہزا

“The policy was met with public derision after it was found to contradict the government's own data.”

Imitative of the work of another; not original.

ماخوذ، غیر اصل

“Critics found the new curriculum largely derivative of a decade-old reform proposal.”

To catch sight of; to discern.

دیکھ لینا، تاڑ لینا

“Only a careful reader could descry the subtle policy shift buried in the ministry's statement.”

A substance used to keep things dry.

خشک کرنے والا مادہ

“Grain stores use simple desiccants to prevent post-harvest spoilage in humid districts.”

A state of disuse.

متروکیت، عدم استعمال

“The colonial-era ordinance had fallen into desuetude long before it was formally repealed.”

Lacking a plan or purpose; disconnected.

بے ربط، بے مقصد

“The reform effort remained desultory, a handful of unrelated measures rather than a coherent policy.”

Skill in performing tasks, especially with the hands; mental adroitness.

مہارت، چابکدستی

“The finance minister's dexterity in managing a hostile assembly kept the budget on schedule.”

Light, delicate, and translucent.

شفاف، باریک

“Behind a diaphanous veil of technical language, the report avoided naming those responsible.”

A forceful and bitter verbal attack.

سخت تنقید، طعن و تشنیع

“The senator's floor speech turned into a diatribe against the entire cabinet.”

Intended to teach, particularly in having moral instruction as an ulterior motive.

تدریسی، نصیحت آموز

“The essay's didactic tone undercut what was otherwise a well-argued position.”

Modesty or shyness resulting from a lack of self-confidence.

کم اعتمادی، جھجک

“Her early diffidence in press briefings gave way to a confident, well-prepared spokesperson.”

Modest or shy because of a lack of self-confidence.

شرمیلا، کم اعتماد

“The diffident junior officer rarely challenged his superior's decisions in meetings.”

To make or become wider or larger; to speak or write at length.

پھیلانا، وسیع کرنا

“The columnist dilated at length on the causes of the province's chronic power shortages.”

Slow to act; intended to cause delay.

تاخیری، سست

“Opposition members accused the government of dilatory tactics to avoid a vote on the bill.”

To refuse to allow or accept something as valid.

مسترد کرنا، ناجائز قرار دینا

“The election commission disallowed the nomination papers on a technical ground.”

To make someone feel uneasy or embarrassed.

پریشان کرنا، شرمندہ کرنا

“The unexpected question visibly discomfited the spokesperson mid-briefing.”

To disturb the composure of; to unsettle.

بوکھلا دینا، پریشان کرنا

“The sudden resignation disconcerted a cabinet already struggling to project unity.”

Hopelessly unhappy or sad.

دلگرفتہ، مایوس

“Disconsolate flood survivors waited days for the promised relief trucks to arrive.”

To disapprove of or refuse to condone.

ناپسند کرنا، منظور نہ کرنا

“The party leadership publicly discountenanced the councillor's inflammatory remarks.”

To harm the reputation of; to cause to be doubted.

بدنام کرنا، اعتبار ختم کرنا

“The leaked audio was clearly timed to discredit the reform commission ahead of its report.”

Careful and circumspect in one's speech or actions.

محتاط، راز دار

“The negotiations were kept deliberately discreet to avoid derailing them with public pressure.”

Untidy; disordered.

پراگندہ، بکھرا ہوا

“The survivors emerged dishevelled but alive after three days trapped under the rubble.”

To conceal one's true motives, feelings, or beliefs.

چھپانا، منافقت کرنا

“The spokesperson dissembled rather than confirm the leaked figures outright.”

To spread widely, especially information.

پھیلانا، نشر کرنا

“The ministry used social media to disseminate flood warnings to remote districts.”

The holding or expression of opinions at variance with the majority.

اختلافِ رائے

“One judge registered a strong dissent from the majority's interpretation of the clause.”

The formal closing down of an institution; the ending of a legal bond.

تحلیل، انحلال

“The dissolution of the assembly triggered fresh elections within ninety days as mandated.”

Deeply upset and agitated.

پریشان حال، بدحواس

“Distraught relatives gathered outside the hospital awaiting news of the crash victims.”

To make known private or sensitive information.

راز فاش کرنا

“The official refused to divulge the contents of the classified briefing.”

Temporarily inactive.

غیر فعال، خوابیدہ

“The border dispute lay dormant for two decades before resurfacing amid new resource discoveries.”

Hesitating or doubting; not to be relied upon.

مشکوک، غیر یقینی

“The contract's dubious terms raised immediate red flags in the audit.”

Deceitfulness; double-dealing.

دو رنگی، فریب

“The commission accused the contractor of duplicity for submitting two conflicting cost estimates.”

Pottery made of fired clay.

مٹی کے برتن

“Rural artisans still export hand-painted earthenware to markets across the region.”

Cheerful and full of energy.

پرجوش، زندہ دل

“The ebullient crowd greeted the returning cricket team at the airport.”

Relating to or given to eating; voracious.

پیٹو، خورد و نوش کا شوقین

“The report described an edacious black market that consumed nearly a fifth of the subsidized wheat.”

Fit to be eaten.

خوردنی

“The forestry department distributed guides to identifying edible wild plants after the drought.”

To bring out or develop something latent or potential.

نکالنا، ظاہر کرنا

“Good cross-examination is meant to educe the truth, not merely to unsettle the witness.”

Affected, overrefined, and lacking vigor; no longer productive.

کمزور، ناکارہ

“The commission called the outdated licensing regime effete and unfit for a modern economy.”

The ability to produce a desired or intended result.

افادیت، تاثیر

“Independent studies questioned the efficacy of the subsidy in actually reaching small farmers.”

Insolent or impertinent boldness.

بے باکی، ڈھٹائی

“Critics were stunned by the effrontery of officials who defended the scheme despite the audit's findings.”

Radiant splendor; brightness.

چمک دمک، تابانی

“The essay borrowed heavily from Victorian prose, describing the sunset in needless effulgence.”

Outstandingly bad; shocking.

انتہائی سنگین، ناقابلِ معافی

“The tribunal called the delay an egregious failure of administrative duty.”

The action of going out of or leaving a place; an exit.

اخراج کا راستہ، باہر نکلنے کا راستہ

“Fire safety inspectors flagged the building's single, narrow egress as a serious hazard.”

A poem of serious reflection, typically a lament for the dead.

مرثیہ

“The poet's elegy for the earthquake's victims was read at the memorial service.”

To make abnormally thin or weak, especially through illness or hunger.

لاغر کرنا، کمزور کرنا

“Photos of emaciated cattle from the drought-hit district shocked the national press.”

To make more attractive by adding decorative details; to exaggerate an account.

مزین کرنا؛ بڑھا چڑھا کر بیان کرنا

“The candidate was advised not to embellish the essay with quotations he could not properly attribute.”

To steal or misappropriate money placed in one's trust.

خیانت کرنا (رقم کی)

“The accountant was charged with embezzling funds meant for the district's schools.”

To display prominently or conspicuously.

نمایاں طور پر آویزاں کرنا

“The party's slogan was emblazoned across every billboard in the capital ahead of the vote.”

A formal expression of high praise.

مدحیہ کلام، ستائش

“The retiring justice was given an encomium by the entire bar for his three decades of service.”

A burden or impediment.

بوجھ، رکاوٹ

“Legacy debt remains the single biggest encumbrance on the state enterprise's balance sheet.”

Regularly found among a particular people or in a certain area.

مقامی، مخصوص علاقے کی

“Corruption in land records is endemic to the province's revenue department.”

To cut or carve a text or design onto a hard surface.

کندہ کرنا، نقش کرنا

“The martyrs' names are engraved on a granite memorial outside the assembly building.”

A person or thing that is mysterious or difficult to understand.

معمہ، پہیلی

“The sudden resignation remains something of an enigma even to close aides.”

The state of being actively opposed or hostile to someone.

دشمنی، عداوت

“Old enmity between the two tribes complicated the government's mediation efforts.”

To cause to become twisted together with, or caught in, something; to involve in difficulties.

الجھانا، پھنسانا

“The minister found himself entangled in a controversy not of his own making.”

To ask someone earnestly or anxiously to do something.

التجا کرنا، منت کرنا

“Villagers entreated the visiting officials to expedite the long-delayed compensation.”

Devoted to sensual, especially culinary, pleasure.

لذت پسند، عیش پسند

“The columnist's epicurean tastes seemed at odds with his columns on austerity.”

An adjective or phrase expressing a quality regarded as characteristic of a person or thing.

لقب، خطاب

“Opposition leaders traded epithets rather than arguments during the debate.”

A person or thing that is a perfect example of a particular quality.

نمونہ، مظہر

“The new courthouse was held up as the epitome of judicial modernization.”

Not easily disturbed; calm; not subject to extremes.

معتدل، پرسکون

“The negotiator's equable temperament proved decisive in defusing the standoff.”

Mental calmness and composure, especially in difficult situations.

ذہنی سکون، اعتدال

“She received the tribunal's verdict with a striking equanimity that surprised the courtroom.”

A state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced.

توازن، مساوات

“Restoring fiscal equilibrium requires both spending cuts and revenue reform.”

Open to more than one interpretation; ambiguous.

مبہم، دو پہلو

“The ministry's equivocal statement left both sides claiming victory.”

To use ambiguous language so as to conceal the truth.

گول مول بات کرنا

“Pressed for a date, the spokesperson equivocated rather than commit to a timeline.”

Erring or straying from the accepted course or standards.

بھٹکا ہوا، گمراہ

“The party moved to discipline errant members who had defied the whip.”

Not even or regular in pattern or movement; unpredictable.

غیر یقینی، بے قاعدہ

“Erratic monsoon patterns have made rain-fed farming an increasingly risky livelihood.”

Wrong; incorrect.

غلط، نادرست

“The ministry later admitted the figures cited in its own press release were erroneous.”

To deliberately avoid using or doing; to abstain from.

پرہیز کرنا، اجتناب کرنا

“The new governor has publicly eschewed the patronage politics of his predecessors.”

To catch sight of.

دیکھ لینا

“Auditors espied a pattern of inflated invoices going back three fiscal years.”

A speech or piece of writing that highly praises someone, typically a tribute to the dead.

مدحیہ تقریر، تعزیتی کلمات

“The president's eulogy for the fallen soldiers was broadcast nationwide.”

Pleasing to the ear.

خوش آہنگ

“The poet was praised for euphonious verse that read beautifully even in translation.”

Soon passing out of sight, memory, or existence; fleeting.

زودگزر، ناپائیدار

“Public enthusiasm for the reform proved evanescent once implementation stalled.”

To reveal the presence of a quality or feeling.

ظاہر کرنا

“The delegation evinced little interest in reopening a treaty both sides had once championed.”

To bring or recall a feeling, memory, or image to the conscious mind.

یاد دلانا، جگانا

“The old photographs evoked a Karachi few of the younger delegates had ever seen.”

To show or declare that someone is not guilty of wrongdoing.

بری کرنا، الزام سے پاک کرنا

“The inquiry ultimately exculpated the district officer of any deliberate wrongdoing.”

Thorough and complete.

مکمل، جامع

“The commission's exhaustive review covered every procurement contract signed in the past decade.”

An urgent need or demand.

شدید ضرورت، نازک صورتحال

“Budgetary exigencies forced the province to postpone its flagship irrigation project.”

Unreasonably high; excessive.

حد سے زیادہ، ناجائز

“Consumers protested the exorbitant electricity surcharge added without prior notice.”

To speak or write about something in great detail.

تفصیل سے بیان کرنا

“The professor expatiated on the treaty's colonial origins for nearly half the lecture.”

Convenient and practical, although possibly improper or immoral.

مصلحت آمیز، سہل پسندانہ

“Critics called the alliance a purely expedient arrangement rather than a genuine partnership.”

To make amends or atone for guilt or wrongdoing.

کفارہ ادا کرنا

“The reparations were meant to expiate decades of environmental neglect by the mining firm.”

To analyze and develop an idea or principle in detail.

تشریح کرنا، وضاحت کرنا

“The judgment carefully explicates the constitutional basis for the court's ruling.”

To express strong disagreement.

احتجاج کرنا، اعتراض کرنا

“Backbenchers expostulated loudly when the bill was tabled without prior debate.”

To take property from its owner for public use or benefit.

قبضہ میں لینا (سرکاری طور پر)

“The state expropriated the disused mill to build a public housing project.”

Still in existence; surviving.

موجود، باقی

“Only a handful of extant copies of the original treaty survive in the national archive.”

Spoken or done without preparation.

بلا تیاری، فی البدیہہ

“The minister's extempore remarks to reporters caused more damage than his prepared speech.”

To make a fault or offense seem less serious.

کم اہمیت دینا (غلطی کو)

“Nothing could extenuate the department's failure to act on repeated safety warnings.”

No longer in existence.

معدوم، ناپید

“Conservationists warn the species could become extinct within a generation without urgent protection.”

To cause a fire to stop burning; to put an end to a feeling or hope.

بجھانا، ختم کرنا

“The scandal extinguished whatever public goodwill the new administration had built up.”

To root out and destroy completely.

جڑ سے اکھاڑنا، مکمل خاتمہ کرنا

“The campaign aims to extirpate polio from the last remaining reservoir districts.”

To praise enthusiastically.

تعریف کرنا، ستائش کرنا

“State media extolled the project as a turning point for the region's economy.”

To obtain something by force or threats.

زبردستی وصول کرنا، بھتہ لینا

“Local gangs were found to be extorting protection money from roadside vendors.”

Irrelevant or unrelated to the subject being dealt with.

غیر متعلقہ، فاضل

“Examiners penalize essays cluttered with extraneous detail that doesn't serve the argument.”

The quality of being full of energy, excitement, and cheerfulness.

جوش و خروش، بھرپور جذبہ

“The exuberance of the newly elected assembly gave way to the harder work of governing.”

Ignoring the true complexities of an issue; achieved without much effort.

سطحی، آسان

“The report was criticized for offering facile solutions to a genuinely complex crisis.”

Relating to or characterized by internal dissension.

گروہ بندی پر مبنی، فرقہ وارانہ

“A factious opposition struggled to present a united front against the budget.”

Silly and pointless.

احمقانہ، بے معنی

“The minister dismissed the criticism as a fatuous distraction from real policy debate.”

To display exaggerated flattery or affection.

خوشامد کرنا

“Junior officials fawned over the visiting dignitary, hoping for a favorable transfer.”

A deceptive or pretended movement intended to mislead.

دھوکہ، بہانہ

“The troop movement near the border was widely read as a feint rather than a genuine buildup.”

A person who has committed a serious crime.

مجرم، سنگین جرم کا مرتکب

“The bill would bar convicted felons from holding public office for a decade.”

Savage fierceness.

درندگی، شدت

“The ferocity of the monsoon this year overwhelmed even the newly reinforced embankments.”

Intensely enthusiastic or passionate.

پرجوش، آتشیں

“The candidate's fervid closing speech drew the loudest applause of the campaign.”

Intense and passionate feeling.

جوش، ولولہ

“Revolutionary fervor faded quickly once the new government faced the ordinary business of governing.”

Faithfulness to a person, cause, or belief; accuracy.

وفاداری، دیانتداری

“The translator's fidelity to the original text impressed even its harshest critics.”

Intricate and refined delicacy or skill, especially in handling a difficult situation.

مہارت، چابکدستی

“It took considerable diplomatic finesse to keep both factions at the negotiating table.”

Tending to attract attention because of its exuberance, confidence, and stylishness.

نمائشی، رنگین مزاج

“The flamboyant minister's public style often overshadowed the substance of his policies.”

Not showing a serious or respectful attitude.

لاپروا، بے تکلف (نامناسب انداز میں)

“His flippant response to the flood victims' complaints drew widespread condemnation.”

Excessively intricate or elaborate; reddish, as of a complexion.

پُرتکلف، پیچیدہ

“The essay's florid prose obscured what was otherwise a sound argument.”

To openly disregard a rule, law, or convention.

خلاف ورزی کرنا (کھلے عام)

“Several contractors were found to have flouted the building code with impunity.”

A minor weakness or eccentricity in someone's character.

کمزوری، خامی (معمولی)

“The biography treats its subject's foibles with as much honesty as his achievements.”

To instigate or stir up trouble or discord.

بھڑکانا، اکسانا

“The report accused foreign actors of fomenting unrest through targeted disinformation.”

Characteristic of someone excessively concerned with fashion and appearance.

بناوٹی، نمائشی (لباس میں)

“The satirical column mocked the foppish airs of the newly rich elite.”

To lose or be deprived of a right, privilege, or possession as a penalty.

ضبط ہونا، ہاتھ سے دینا

“The contractor forfeited the security deposit after missing the project deadline twice.”

The action of forging a copy or imitation of a document, signature, or object.

جعل سازی

“The land dispute hinged on whether the ownership deed was a forgery.”

To agree to give up or reject something, typically under oath.

قسم کھا کر ترک کرنا

“The defector formally forswore allegiance to his former party at the press conference.”

Easily broken or damaged; delicate.

نازک، کمزور

“The truce remains fragile, dependent on a ceasefire neither side has fully honored.”

Wild or distraught with fear, anxiety, or other emotion.

بدحواس، سراسیمہ

“Frantic rescue efforts continued through the night as the water levels kept rising.”

Tending to disappear; fleeting.

زودگزر، عارضی

“Political alliances in the coalition proved fugacious, dissolving within months of formation.”

To express vehement protest.

شدید احتجاج کرنا

“Editorials fulminated against the tax amendment for weeks after it was passed.”

Excessive or insincere, especially in praise.

حد سے زیادہ، مبالغہ آمیز (تعریف میں)

“The state broadcaster's fulsome coverage of the ceremony raised eyebrows among independent journalists.”

To deny or contradict.

تردید کرنا، انکار کرنا

“Few economists would gainsay the report's central finding that inflation has outpaced wage growth.”

The complete range or scope of something.

دائرہ، وسیع رینج

“The seminar covered the entire gamut of issues facing the province's healthcare system.”

To use gestures, especially dramatic ones, to emphasize or convey what one is saying.

ہاتھوں سے اشارے کرنا

“The vendor gesticulated wildly as inspectors moved to confiscate his unlicensed stall.”

A faint or wavering light; a small sign of a positive quality or feeling.

ہلکی جھلک، ٹمٹماہٹ

“The ceasefire offered the first glimmer of hope in a conflict that had dragged on for years.”

Light, delicate, and insubstantial.

باریک، نازک

“The reform's gossamer promises dissolved the moment the budget revealed no new funding.”

A person who enjoys eating and often eats too much.

کھانے کا رسیا، پیٹو

“The travel column, written by a self-declared gourmand, doubled as a guide to the old city's food streets.”

Pompous or extravagant in language, style, or manner.

بلند بانگ، شاندار (زبان میں مبالغہ آمیز)

“Stripped of its grandiloquent phrasing, the announcement changed almost nothing.”

Very severe or serious.

شدید، سنگین

“The tribunal found the department guilty of a grievous breach of procurement rules.”

Sly or cunning intelligence.

چالاکی، مکاری

“It took considerable guile for the smaller party to extract concessions from its larger coalition partner.”

Denoting a period in the past that was idyllically happy and peaceful.

پرسکون، خوش گوار (زمانہ)

“Veterans of the service still speak of the halcyon days before the department was restructured.”

A lengthy and aggressive speech.

طویل و جارحانہ تقریر

“The press conference turned into a harangue against the opposition rather than a policy briefing.”

With great speed or force, especially in a rash or dangerous way.

بے تحاشا، جلد بازی میں

“The province rushed headlong into privatization without first securing worker protections.”

Utterly odious or wicked.

قابلِ نفرت، سنگین

“The court described the trafficking network's operations as among the most heinous crimes it had tried.”

Diverse in character or content.

متنوع، غیر یکساں

“The coalition's heterogeneous membership made agreeing on a single manifesto difficult.”

Hairy.

بالوں والا

“The naturalist's field notes described a hirsute mountain goat unique to the northern ranges.”

To deceive or trick.

دھوکہ دینا

“Investors accused the firm of hoodwinking them with inflated revenue projections.”

Friendly and welcoming to guests or strangers.

مہمان نواز

“Despite the hardship, the flood-hit village remained remarkably hospitable to visiting aid workers.”

A mode of behavior or way of thought peculiar to an individual.

انفرادی خصوصیت، انوکھا پن

“The biography traces the president's political idiosyncrasies back to his years as a provincial governor.”

Not honorable in character or purpose.

پست، کم ظرف

“Historians have since revised their view of what once seemed an ignoble surrender.”

An extremely confused, complicated, or embarrassing situation.

پیچیدہ الجھن، تنازع

“The cabinet reshuffle turned into a public imbroglio after two ministers refused to step down.”

To inspire or permeate with a feeling or quality.

بھر دینا، رنگ دینا (کسی جذبے سے)

“The new principal's reforms were meant to imbue the college with a renewed sense of discipline.”

Perfectly clean, neat, or tidy; free from flaw or error.

بے داغ، بے عیب

“The audit found the district's expenditure records to be immaculate, a rarity in the sector.”

About to happen.

قریب الوقوع، عنقریب

“Forecasters warned that a fresh spell of flooding was imminent in the lower riverine belt.”

Unchanging over time or unable to be changed.

غیر متغیر، لازوال

“The court held that certain fundamental rights remain immutable regardless of legislative majority.”

To weaken or damage something.

کمزور کرنا، نقصان پہنچانا

“Years of underinvestment have impaired the irrigation network's ability to serve the whole district.”

Not feeling or showing emotion.

بے تاثر، بے حس

“The judge remained impassive as the verdict was read to a courtroom in uproar.”

Having little or no money.

مفلس، تنگ دست

“The scholarship was designed specifically for impecunious students from rural districts.”

Assuming power or authority without justification; domineering.

حکم رانہ، مطلق العنان

“Colleagues described his imperious management style as the real reason for the department's low morale.”

Unable to be upset or excited; calm.

غیر متزلزل، پرسکون

“The spokesperson remained imperturbable through an hour of hostile questioning.”

Acting or done quickly and without thought or care.

جلد باز، بے سوچے سمجھے

“The impetuous decision to cut subsidies overnight triggered protests within days.”

Lack of respect for religious or moral obligations; irreverence.

بے دینی، بے احترامی

“The cleric's sermon condemned what he called a growing impiety among the urban youth.”

Unable to be appeased or pacified.

ناقابلِ تسکین، سخت

“The two rival factions remained implacable, rejecting every compromise the mediators proposed.”

To show involvement in a crime or wrongdoing.

ملوث ہونا/ٹھہرانا

“The leaked memo implicated three senior officials in the procurement scandal.”

Suggested though not directly expressed; absolute and unquestioning.

مضمر، غیر واضح

“The clause carries an implicit assumption that provinces will cooperate on enforcement.”

Persistent, especially to the point of annoyance.

بار بار مطالبہ کرنے والا

“The importunate lobbying by the sugar industry delayed the price reform by months.”

To harass persistently for something.

بار بار الحاح کرنا

“Contractors importuned the department for months over the delayed payment.”

Done without being planned, organized, or rehearsed.

بلا تیاری، فی البدیہہ

“The prime minister's impromptu remarks to the crowd overshadowed his prepared address.”

Not providing for the future; wasteful.

غیر محتاط، فضول خرچ

“The auditor's report described the department's spending as improvident even in a year of surplus revenue.”

To dispute the truth, validity, or honesty of a statement.

اعتراض کرنا، شک کرنا

“Opposition members impugned the integrity of the entire tabulation process.”

To represent something as being done or caused by someone; to attribute.

منسوب کرنا

“The report imputes the delay to bureaucratic inertia rather than any single individual.”

Not resulting from or achieved through deliberate planning; unintentional.

غیر ارادی، سہواً

“The ministry called the leaked figures an inadvertent disclosure rather than a deliberate one.”

Silly; senseless.

بے معنی، احمقانہ

“The debate quickly descended into inane point-scoring rather than substantive argument.”

Continuing without pause or interruption.

لگاتار، مسلسل

“Incessant rainfall over the weekend overwhelmed the city's aging drainage system.”

Just begun and not fully formed.

ابتدائی، نامکمل

“The reform proposal remains inchoate, more a set of aspirations than a workable plan.”

In an initial stage; beginning to happen or develop.

ابتدائی، آغاز کا

“Economists point to an incipient recovery in exports as a rare piece of good news.”

To encourage or stir up violent or unlawful behavior.

اکسانا، بھڑکانا

“The cleric was charged with inciting the crowd to violence during the sermon.”

Not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings or other elements.

بے میل، غیر موزوں

“The lavish inauguration seemed incongruous next to the austerity the government was preaching.”

To instill an idea or habit by persistent instruction.

ذہن نشین کرنا، سکھانا

“The curriculum reform aims to inculcate critical thinking rather than rote memorization.”

Not able to be forgotten or removed.

ناقابلِ فراموش، ان مٹ

“The famine left an indelible mark on the province's collective memory.”

Poverty; a state of extreme poverty.

مفلسی، تنگ دستی

“The survey found rising indigence in districts once considered relatively prosperous.”

Not clearly defined; unclear or vague.

غیر واضح، مبہم

“The old land record's indistinct boundaries fueled decades of inheritance disputes.”

Avoidance of activity or exertion; laziness.

کاہلی، سستی

“The report blamed bureaucratic indolence, not lack of funds, for the stalled project.”

Wanting to avoid activity or exertion; lazy.

کاہل، سست

“Critics called the regulator indolent for failing to act on complaints filed years earlier.”

Impossible to subdue or defeat.

ناقابلِ تسخیر، غیر مغلوب

“Survivors of the earthquake are often described with the same word: indomitable.”

Having or showing a tendency to be overly generous or lenient.

لاڈ پیار کرنے والا، نرمی برتنے والا

“An indulgent approach to tax defaulters has cost the exchequer billions over the years.”

Too great to be expressed in words.

ناقابلِ بیان

“Survivors described an ineffable relief at finally reaching higher ground.”

Unable to be resisted or avoided; inescapable.

ناگزیر، جس سے بچنا ممکن نہ ہو

“Economists called the currency's depreciation an ineluctable consequence of the widening trade deficit.”

Having or showing no skill; clumsy.

نااہل، بے ڈھنگا

“The commission's report was blunt in calling the response to the outbreak inept.”

To instill or introduce a quality into something.

بھر دینا، شامل کرنا

“The new coach was brought in to infuse discipline into a talented but underperforming squad.”

Innocent and unsuspecting; candid.

سادہ دل، بے ریا

“His ingenuous admission that the policy hadn't been fully costed caught the committee off guard.”

Tending to obstruct or harm; hostile.

مخالف، نقصان دہ

“The tribunal found the clause inimical to the very rights the constitution was meant to protect.”

Not harmful or offensive.

بے ضرر، بے نقصان

“What began as an innocuous procedural query soon exposed a much larger irregularity.”

Impossible to understand or interpret.

ناقابلِ فہم، پراسرار

“The court's inscrutable reasoning left legal analysts divided over its implications.”

Unaware of or indifferent to something; unconscious.

بے حس، لاعلم

“The department seemed largely insensible to the hardship its new fee schedule would cause.”

To suggest or hint indirectly, especially something unpleasant.

کنایتاً کہنا، اشارہ کرنا

“The columnist insinuated favoritism without ever naming the official directly.”

Lacking flavor; lacking vigor or interest.

بے مزہ، پھیکا

“Reviewers called the policy speech insipid, offering nothing beyond familiar slogans.”

Showing casual lack of concern; nonchalant.

بے پروا، لاپروا

“The minister's insouciant shrug in response to the inflation figures drew widespread criticism.”

A violent uprising against an authority or government.

بغاوت، مسلح بغاوت

“The provincial government was accused of overreacting by labeling the protest an insurrection.”

An authoritative prohibition.

پابندی، ممانعت

“The court's interdict halted construction on the disputed wetland pending further review.”

In or for the intervening period; provisional.

عبوری، درمیانی

“An interim administrator was appointed to run the department until a permanent secretary was confirmed.”

Unwilling or refusing to change one's views or agree about something.

ہٹ دھرم، غیر لچکدار

“Both delegations remained intransigent, and the talks collapsed without a joint statement.”

The examination of one's own thoughts or feelings.

خود احتسابی، اپنے آپ کا جائزہ

“The defeat prompted a rare bout of introspection within the party's senior leadership.”

To overwhelm with things or people to be dealt with; to flood.

سیلاب میں ڈبونا، بھر دینا

“The helpline was inundated with calls within an hour of the announcement.”

To make someone become accustomed to something unpleasant.

خوگر بنانا (سخت حالات کا)

“Years of load-shedding have inured most households to the daily inconvenience of power cuts.”

Not legally or officially valid; also, a person made weak by illness.

کالعدم؛ معذور شخص

“The court declared the earlier notification invalid for want of proper legal authority.”

Insulting, abusive, or highly critical language.

طعن و تشنیع، گالی گلوچ

“The floor debate quickly descended from policy argument into personal invective.”

To speak or write about something with great hostility.

شدید مخالفت کرنا

“The retired judge inveighed against what he called the slow erosion of judicial independence.”

Having a particular habit, activity, or interest that is long-established and unlikely to change.

پرانا، جڑ پکڑا ہوا (عادت وغیرہ)

“An inveterate critic of privatization, the senator opposed the bill on principle.”

Likely to arouse or incur resentment or anger in others; unfair.

ناانصافی پر مبنی، رنجش انگیز

“Ranking districts purely by literacy rate draws an invidious comparison that ignores unequal resources.”

Too powerful to be defeated or overcome.

ناقابلِ تسخیر

“The party's once-invincible hold on the province has weakened after two consecutive losses.”

An extremely small amount.

ذرہ برابر، بہت تھوڑا

“Not an iota of the promised relief funds had reached the district six months later.”

Having or showing a tendency to be easily angered.

غصیلا، جلد غصہ آنے والا

“Colleagues described the veteran bureaucrat as irascible but scrupulously fair.”

Feeling or characterized by great anger.

غضبناک، سخت ناراض

“Irate commuters blocked the highway after the fare hike was announced without warning.”

Anger.

غصہ، طیش

“The subsidy cut drew the ire of small traders across the province.”

Irritating; tedious.

تنگ کن، اکتا دینے والا

“Businesses complained that the licensing process had become needlessly irksome.”

Traveling from place to place.

خانہ بدوش، سفر کرنے والا

“Itinerant traders have long formed the backbone of commerce in the border districts.”

To travel from place to place, especially to preach or lecture.

جگہ جگہ سفر کرنا (وعظ یا کام کے لیے)

“The health team itinerated across a dozen villages administering the vaccine over three weeks.”

Fond of or characterized by joking; humorous.

خوش طبع، مزاحیہ

“The ambassador's jocular tone at the press conference belied the seriousness of the talks.”

Cheerful and friendly.

خوش مزاج، ملنسار

“The jovial atmosphere at the trade fair masked genuine anxiety among the exhibitors about falling orders.”

A military or political group that rules a country after taking power by force.

فوجی حکومتی گروہ

“The interim junta promised elections within eighteen months, a promise regional analysts view with skepticism.”

Tearful or given to weeping.

روتا ہوا، اشک بار

“The retiring minister's lachrymose farewell speech surprised colleagues who knew him as famously reserved.”

Lacking enthusiasm and thoroughness; carelessly lazy.

سست، بے دلی سے کیا گیا

“The audit blamed the department's lackadaisical record-keeping for the missing files.”

Displaying a disinclination for physical exertion; slow-moving.

سست، کاہل

“Growth remained languid despite the central bank's repeated rate cuts.”

Feeling or revealing an overt and often offensive sexual desire.

شہوانی، فحش

“The court cited lascivious content in upholding the ban on the advertisement.”

A state of physical or mental weariness; lack of energy.

کمزوری، سستی

“A general lassitude had settled over the department after three leadership changes in a year.”

Existing but not yet developed or manifest; hidden.

پوشیدہ، مخفی

“The census revealed a latent demand for secondary schools that no district plan had accounted for.”

Expressing praise.

تعریفی، مدحیہ

“The state broadcaster's laudatory coverage stood in sharp contrast to independent outlets' scrutiny of the project.”

Something handed down from a predecessor; a long-lasting impact.

ورثہ، میراث

“The dam remains the single largest legacy of the previous decade's infrastructure push.”

An embankment built to prevent a river from overflowing.

دریا کا بند

“The breached levee flooded three villages before emergency crews could reinforce it.”

The vocabulary of a person, language, or branch of knowledge.

لغت، ذخیرہ الفاظ

“Terms like 'good governance' have entered the political lexicon without ever being clearly defined.”

A published false statement damaging to a person's reputation.

بدنامی، تحریری الزام

“The columnist was sued for libel after alleging financial misconduct without evidence.”

Promiscuous and unprincipled in sexual matters.

بدکردار، آزاد خیال (اخلاقی طور پر)

“The reformist preacher condemned what he called a licentious drift in popular entertainment.”

A right to keep possession of property belonging to another until a debt is discharged.

قانونی حقِ ضبطی (قرض کی وجہ سے)

“The bank placed a lien on the factory's machinery after the loan went into default.”

Lacking energy or enthusiasm.

سست، بے دلی سے

“The listless response to the government's job fair reflected deepening public skepticism.”

Thin, supple, and graceful.

لچکدار، پھرتیلا

“The athlete's lithe frame belied the strength that had carried her to a national record.”

Looking or sounding sad and dismal.

اداس، سوگوار

“The lugubrious tone of the annual economic survey did little to inspire investor confidence.”

A person who inspires or influences others, especially in a particular sphere.

نامور شخصیت، روشن ستارہ

“The seminar brought together legal luminaries from across the country to debate the amendment.”

Having a shine or glow; luminous.

چمکدار، تابناک

“The exhibition traced the country's once-lustrous handicraft trade, now reduced to a handful of workshops.”

A general sense of unease or unwellness whose exact cause is difficult to identify.

بے چینی، بے اطمینانی

“Economists describe a broader malaise in the manufacturing sector, not tied to any single policy.”

A person who is dissatisfied with the existing state of affairs.

ناراض شخص، باغی

“Party leadership dismissed the internal critics as a handful of malcontents rather than a real faction.”

To speak about someone in a spitefully critical manner.

بدنام کرنا، بہتان لگانا

“The minister accused rival media outlets of maligning the project without examining its actual data.”

The indiscriminate and brutal killing of a large number of people.

قتلِ عام

“The commission's inquiry into the massacre took nearly a decade to complete.”

Self-pityingly or tearfully sentimental.

جذباتی، آبدیدہ

“The farewell address drifted into maudlin nostalgia rather than a genuine account of the ministry's record.”

Sentimental in a feeble or sickly way.

بناوٹی جذباتیت پر مبنی

“Critics found the tribute film mawkish, more interested in tears than in honest assessment.”

Sweet or musical; pleasant to hear.

شیریں، خوش آہنگ

“The orator's mellifluous delivery made even the driest budget figures easy to follow.”

Not telling the truth; lying.

جھوٹا، فریبی

“The fact-checkers labeled the viral claim mendacious within hours of its posting.”

A beggar.

بھکاری، فقیر

“The city's mendicant population has grown noticeably since the factory closures began.”

Apparently attractive but having in reality no value.

دکھاوے کا، بے وقعت

“The glossy brochure promised a meretricious vision of the project that the actual site never delivered.”

To hold the attention of someone to the exclusion of all else.

مسحور کرنا

“The young orator mesmerized the assembly with a speech unusually free of prepared notes.”

A person's ability to cope well with difficulties; spirit and resilience.

ہمت، حوصلہ

“The rescue teams showed real mettle working through the night in freezing conditions.”

Full of spirit; courageous.

پرجوش، بہادر

“The mettlesome young officer took charge of the evacuation when her senior fell ill.”

A community or place regarded as encapsulating in miniature the qualities of something much larger.

چھوٹے پیمانے پر بڑی چیز کا نمونہ

“The by-election was seen as a microcosm of the country's wider urban-rural political divide.”

A person's manner or bearing.

چال ڈھال، وضع قطع

“The new chief justice's calm mien did little to reveal how he intended to rule.”

Causing or showing a fondness for causing trouble in a playful way.

شرارتی

“The columnist's mischievous tone made even a serious critique of the budget an entertaining read.”

A person who behaves badly or unlawfully.

بدمعاش، شریر

“Police described the vandalism as the work of a handful of miscreants rather than any organized group.”

A person who hoards wealth and spends as little money as possible.

کنجوس، بخیل

“The trust's founder, remembered by employees as something of a miser, left his entire estate to charity.”

A name or term that is inappropriate or incorrectly applied.

غلط نام، بے جا اصطلاح

“Calling it a 'free' trade agreement is something of a misnomer given the tariffs that remain.”

The avoidance of excess or extremes.

اعتدال، میانہ روی

“The finance minister urged moderation in public spending ahead of an already strained budget.”

A small quantity of something, especially something desirable.

معمولی مقدار، تھوڑی سی مقدار

“Even a modicum of transparency in procurement would have prevented the scandal.”

To appease the anger or anxiety of someone.

تسکین دینا، نرم کرنا

“The last-minute concession did little to mollify farmers already camped outside the assembly.”

To shed old feathers, hair, or skin to make way for new growth.

کھال یا پر اتارنا

“The naturalist's report described how the region's migratory birds molt before their long journey south.”

Obsessive concentration on or exaggerated enthusiasm for a single subject or idea.

کسی ایک خیال پر انتہائی توجہ کا مرض

“Critics accused the minister of a monomania over the single mega-project at the expense of smaller, more urgent schemes.”

Characterized by an abnormal and unhealthy interest in disturbing subjects, especially death.

خوفناک، بیمار ذہنیت کا

“The columnist accused the tabloid press of a morbid fascination with the crash rather than its causes.”

Sharply critical or caustic, especially in humour or speech.

طنزیہ، تیکھا

“The satirist's mordant wit made him equally unpopular with every party in power.”

In terminal decline; lacking vitality.

نزع کے قریب، زوال پذیر

“Analysts described the state-run airline as a moribund enterprise long overdue for restructuring.”

Sullen and ill-tempered.

چڑچڑا، اداس

“A morose mood settled over the newsroom after the paper's ownership changed hands.”

Many and of various types.

کثیر الجہات، متنوع

“The commission's multifarious duties range from tariff-setting to consumer complaints.”

More generous than is usual or necessary.

فیاض، سخی

“The philanthropist's munificent donation funded the district's first public library in decades.”

The lowest or most unsuccessful point.

پستی، انتہائی نچلا مقام

“Relations between the two neighbours reached a nadir after the border skirmish.”

Failing to take proper care over something.

لاپروا، غفلت برتنے والا

“The tribunal found the hospital administration negligent in its handling of the outbreak.”

A person who is new to a subject or activity; a beginner.

نو آموز، نووارد

“Even as a neophyte legislator, she managed to get her first private bill passed.”

Having an extremely unpleasant smell; offensive.

بدبودار، ناگوار

“Residents complained for months about the noisome fumes from the unlicensed tannery.”

A quack medicine; a favored but unproven remedy for a problem.

جھوٹا نسخہ، بے اثر دوا

“Economists dismissed the plan as a political nostrum rather than a serious fix for inflation.”

Of no value; futile.

بے وقعت، بے فائدہ

“Without an enforcement mechanism, the treaty's environmental clauses remain largely nugatory.”

To render obscure, unclear, or unintelligible, often deliberately.

الجھانا، مبہم بنانا

“The spokesperson was accused of using technical jargon to obfuscate rather than explain the policy.”

Neither parallel nor at right angles; indirect.

ترچھا، بالواسطہ

“The minister's oblique reference to 'certain elements' was widely read as a jab at his own party.”

Noisy and difficult to control.

شور مچانے والا، سرکش

“Security had to remove several obstreperous protesters from the gallery during the session.”

To become noticeable in an unwelcome or intrusive way.

زبردستی داخل ہونا، مداخلت کرنا

“Personal ambition obtruded on what should have been a straightforward policy debate.”

Noticeable or prominent in an unwelcome way.

نمایاں طور پر مداخلت کرنے والا

“The new billboard's obtrusive lighting drew complaints from residents of the historic quarter.”

To remove a need or difficulty.

ضرورت ختم کرنا، ٹال دینا

“A single unified database would obviate the need for citizens to submit the same documents to five departments.”

Extremely unpleasant; repulsive.

قابلِ نفرت، مکروہ

“The tribunal called the trafficking scheme one of the most odious crimes it had encountered.”

General or widespread hatred or disgust directed toward someone.

نفرت، کراہت

“The scandal brought public odium down on an institution once widely respected.”

A duty or responsibility, especially an unwelcome one.

ذمہ داری، بار

“The onus is on the applicant to prove residency, not on the department to disprove it.”

Harsh criticism or censure; public disgrace.

بدنامی، ملامت

“The minister faced widespread opprobrium after the leaked recording surfaced.”

To turn into bone; to become rigid or fixed in attitude.

سخت ہو جانا، جامد ہو جانا

“Critics warn the party's leadership has ossified around a single family for three decades.”

Pretentious and vulgar display, especially of wealth.

نمود و نمائش

“The minister's ostentation at his son's wedding drew unwelcome comparisons to his declared assets.”

Exclusion from a society or group.

معاشرتی بائیکاٹ

“The whistleblower described years of professional ostracism following her original complaint.”

To exclude someone from a society or group.

بائیکاٹ کرنا، خارج کرنا

“Colleagues who spoke to the press were quietly ostracized within the department.”

The roof of the mouth; a person's ability to distinguish and appreciate flavors, or, figuratively, taste.

تالو؛ ذوقِ لطیف

“The reform's technical language does little to suit the political palate of an election year.”

Resembling a palace in being spacious and splendidly appointed.

شاندار، محل نما

“Reports of a palatial residence built with development funds triggered a formal inquiry.”

Able to be touched or felt; readily perceived.

محسوس ہونے کے قابل، واضح

“There was a palpable sense of relief in the chamber once the vote was finally called.”

A solution or remedy for all difficulties or diseases.

ہر مرض کی دوا، تیر بہدف علاج

“Digitization is not a panacea for corruption, but it does close off some of the easiest avenues.”

A formal public speech or piece of writing that praises someone highly.

مدحیہ تقریر

“The state dinner opened with a panegyric to the visiting head of state's leadership.”

A complete or impressive collection of things.

مکمل مجموعہ، بھرپور نمائش

“The exhibition displayed a panoply of artifacts recovered from the excavation site.”

An outcast.

بے دخل شخص، ذلیل و خوار

“Once a diplomatic pariah, the country has slowly rebuilt ties with its regional neighbours.”

A sudden attack or violent expression of a particular emotion or activity.

شدید جذباتی طوفان، اچانک شدت

“The verdict triggered a paroxysm of celebration outside the courthouse.”

Strongly supportive of a particular party, cause, or person, often blindly so.

جانبدار، متعصب

“The committee's partisan composition undermined public confidence in its findings from the outset.”

A quality that evokes pity or sadness.

رقت انگیزی، درد بھرا پن

“The photograph captured the pathos of a family sifting through the ruins of their home.”

A small, relatively unimportant offense or sin.

معمولی خطا، چھوٹی غلطی

“What was dismissed as a youthful peccadillo resurfaced as a serious liability during the campaign.”

Lacking inspiration or excitement; dull.

پھیکا، بورنگ

“The white paper offered a pedestrian summary of problems everyone already knew about.”

Translucently clear; easy to understand.

شفاف، صاف واضح

“The judgment was praised for its pellucid reasoning, rare in cases of such complexity.”

A strong or habitual liking for something.

رجحان، شوق

“The minister's penchant for foreign trips drew criticism amid a domestic austerity drive.”

Extremely poor; unwilling to spend money.

غریب؛ کنجوس

“The department's penurious budget left little room for even basic equipment repairs.”

Extreme poverty; destitution.

غربت، مفلسی

“Decades of neglect have left the fishing community in a state of near-permanent penury.”

A journey, especially a long or meandering one.

طویل سفر، آوارہ گردی

“The ambassador's diplomatic peregrinations took him through five capitals in a single week.”

Insisting on immediate attention or obedience, especially in a brusquely imperious way.

حکمیہ، قطعی

“The peremptory tone of the notice left the contractor no room to negotiate an extension.”

Deceitfulness; treachery.

بے وفائی، دغا بازی

“The historian's account reads almost as an indictment of the treaty's perfidy toward the local rulers.”

Carried out with a minimum of effort or reflection.

سرسری، بے دلی سے کیا گیا

“The department's perfunctory response to the complaint suggested it had never actually been investigated.”

Traveling from place to place, especially for work.

سفر کرتے رہنے والا (کام کے سلسلے میں)

“A peripatetic career across four provinces gave the new secretary an unusually broad view of the system.”

The offense of willfully telling an untruth in court after taking an oath.

جھوٹی گواہی، حلفاً جھوٹ

“The witness now faces a separate perjury charge for contradicting his own sworn statement.”

To spread throughout something.

سرایت کرنا، پھیل جانا

“A quiet cynicism about elections has permeated the district after three cycles of broken promises.”

Light and slightly contemptuous mockery in conversation or writing.

طنزیہ ہلکی پھلکی گفتگو

“Beneath the persiflage of the press briefing lay a genuinely serious policy shift.”

Keenness of mental perception and understanding.

دور اندیشی، فہم و فراست

“The report credited the auditor's perspicacity for catching a discrepancy everyone else had missed.”

Anxiety; mental uneasiness.

پریشانی، اضطراب

“There was visible perturbation on the trading floor as the central bank's announcement leaked early.”

To turn into stone; to make someone so frightened that they are unable to move or think.

پتھر بنا دینا؛ خوف سے بے حس کر دینا

“The sudden blackout during the ceremony left the organizers momentarily petrified.”

Childishly sulky or bad-tempered.

چڑچڑا، ضدی

“The senator's petulant walkout from the session achieved little beyond headlines.”

Having an unemotional and stolidly calm disposition.

سرد مزاج، غیر جذباتی

“The negotiator's phlegmatic style was often mistaken for indifference by more excitable counterparts.”

A person's facial features or expression, especially when regarded as indicative of character.

چہرے کی ساخت، شکل و صورت

“The old travelogue's descriptions of the region's physiognomy read as crude by modern standards.”

Devoutly religious; making a hypocritical display of virtue.

متقی، پارسا

“Critics dismissed the announcement as a pious statement of intent with no funding attached.”

A feeling of irritation or resentment resulting from a slight.

رنجش، طیش

“Out of pique at being overlooked for promotion, the officer resigned within the week.”

A remark that has been used too often to be interesting or thoughtful.

پٹی پٹائی بات، سطحی جملہ

“The commencement speech offered little beyond familiar platitudes about hard work and perseverance.”

An emotional appeal; a statement made by a defendant in court.

درخواست، التجا

“The lawyer's final plea to the bench focused entirely on the defendant's clean record.”

Complete in every respect; fully attended, as of a meeting.

مکمل، بھرپور

“The bill was tabled for debate at the assembly's next plenary session.”

A large or excessive amount of something.

کثرت، بہتات

“The report identifies a plethora of overlapping regulatory bodies as a key obstacle to investment.”

To explore or examine something minutely; to measure the depth of.

گہرائی ناپنا، مکمل جانچنا

“The committee spent three sessions trying to plumb the true scale of the department's losses.”

To fall or drop straight down at high speed; to decrease rapidly.

تیزی سے گرنا

“The currency plummeted within hours of the central bank's surprise announcement.”

Evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret.

دردناک، رقت آمیز

“The survivor's poignant testimony was the most quoted moment of the entire inquiry.”

Knowing or using several languages.

کئی زبانیں جاننے والا

“The port city's famously polyglot markets reflect centuries of trade along the coast.”

Slow and clumsy because of great weight; dull and laborious.

بھاری بھرکم، سست رفتار

“The department's ponderous approval process can take up to two years for a single license.”

To be a sign or warning that something will happen.

پیش گوئی کرنا، اشارہ دینا

“The finance ministry's own figures portend a difficult year for exporters.”

A sign or warning that something significant is about to happen.

پیش گوئی، شگون

“Economists read the bond market's jitters as a portent of tighter credit ahead.”

To prevent from happening; to make impossible.

روک دینا، ناممکن بنانا

“The new clause precludes any provincial government from unilaterally altering the water-sharing formula.”

Having developed certain abilities or characteristics at an earlier age than usual.

وقت سے پہلے پختہ ذہن کا

“At just twenty-two, she was the youngest and most precocious member of the drafting committee.”

To be the strongest or main element.

غالب ہونا، حاوی ہونا

“Agricultural exports still predominate in the province's revenue mix, despite recent diversification efforts.”

Occurring or done before the usual or proper time.

وقت سے پہلے، قبل از وقت

“Analysts called the announcement premature, given that the feasibility study wasn't yet complete.”

To be a sign or warning of an imminent event.

پیشین گوئی کرنا

“The commodity price spike may presage a harder year for the country's import bill.”

The fact of knowing or foreseeing events before they take place.

پیش بینی، دور اندیشی

“The report's authors are now credited with unusual prescience for flagging the crisis two years early.”

An idea assumed to be true; behavior perceived as arrogant.

قیاس؛ گستاخی

“The court operates on the presumption of innocence until guilt is proven beyond reasonable doubt.”

Beyond what is normal; extraordinary.

غیر معمولی، خلافِ فطرت

“Colleagues describe her preternatural calm even during the worst of the crisis briefings.”

To speak or act in an evasive way.

گول مول جواب دینا، ٹال مٹول کرنا

“Pressed on the timeline, the official prevaricated rather than commit to a firm date.”

Formal and correct in a way that seems humorless or old-fashioned.

بناوٹی طور پر سنجیدہ، تصنع پسند

“The old civil service manual's prim instructions on dress code seem almost quaint today.”

In its original condition; unspoiled.

بے داغ، اصلی حالت میں

“Conservationists are racing to protect one of the country's last pristine mangrove forests.”

The quality of having strong moral principles; honesty.

دیانتداری، راست بازی

“The commission was chosen specifically for its reputation for probity, above any technical expertise.”

A tendency to choose or do something regularly; an inclination.

رجحان، فطری میلان

“The minister's proclivity for unscripted remarks has repeatedly put his own spokespeople in an awkward position.”

The action of delaying or postponing something.

تساہل، کام ٹالنا

“Years of bureaucratic procrastination left the bridge unrepaired until it finally collapsed.”

Spending money or resources freely and recklessly; wastefully extravagant.

فضول خرچ، اسراف کرنے والا

“The audit criticized the department's prodigal spending on foreign consultants with little to show for it.”

Remarkably or impressively great in extent or degree.

حیرت انگیز، بے پناہ

“The relief operation required a prodigious logistical effort across a dozen flooded districts.”

Reckless extravagance or wastefulness.

اسراف، بے تحاشا فضول خرچی

“The report blamed years of fiscal profligacy, not the pandemic alone, for the ballooning debt.”

Recklessly extravagant or wasteful.

فضول خرچ

“Critics called the scheme profligate, funded by borrowing the country could ill afford.”

Very plentiful; produced or given in large amounts.

کثیر، وافر

“The minister offered profuse apologies but no timeline for actually fixing the shortage.”

Using or containing too many words; tediously lengthy.

طویل و بے مقصد، پھیلا ہوا

“Examiners routinely penalize prolix answers that bury a good argument under unnecessary detail.”

Nearness in place or relationship.

قربت، نزدیکی

“The two districts' propinquity to the border has long shaped their shared economic fortunes.”

Giving or indicating a good chance of success; favorable.

سازگار، موزوں

“Economists called it a propitious moment to float new export bonds, given the easing global rates.”

Having the style or diction of prose; lacking imagination; dull.

پھیکا، سادہ اور بے کشش

“The white paper's prosaic recommendations offered nothing beyond what a decade of prior reports had already said.”

To forbid, especially by law.

پابندی لگانا، ممنوع قرار دینا

“The ordinance proscribes any public gathering without seventy-two hours' prior notice.”

Protruding; bulging outward.

ابھرا ہوا، نمایاں

“Engineers flagged the bridge's protuberant support beams as evidence of an earlier, undocumented repair.”

Making or indicative of wise provision for the future.

محتاط، دور اندیش (مستقبل کے لیے)

“A provident fiscal policy would have built reserves during the boom years, not spent them entirely.”

The quality of being cautious and sensible, especially about practical matters.

احتیاط، دانشمندی

“Fiscal prudence, not another stimulus package, is what the finance ministry now recommends.”

Childishly silly and trivial.

بچگانہ، لغو

“The exchange of insults between the two ministers struck most observers as puerile.”

Showing great attention to detail or correct behavior.

باریک بین، اصولوں کا سختی سے پابند

“The new auditor's punctilious approach uncovered discrepancies that three prior reviews had missed.”

A sharp or strong quality in taste, smell, or, figuratively, a remark.

تیزی، چبھن (بو، ذائقہ یا بات کی)

“The editorial's pungency was matched only by the precision of its argument.”

Showing a lack of courage or determination; timid.

بزدل، کمزور ہمت

“Critics called the government's response to the crisis pusillanimous, more concerned with optics than outcomes.”

Not permanent; existing or valid for only a short time.

عارضی، ناپائیدار

“The relief was transitory; prices climbed again within a fortnight.”

Painful or laborious effort.

سخت مشقت، تکلیف دہ محنت

“The travail of drafting a constitution acceptable to every province took nearly three years.”

A false, absurd, or distorted representation of something.

مضحکہ خیز نقالی، مذاق

“Legal observers called the trial's swift conclusion a travesty of due process.”

Vigorous or incisive in expression or style.

تیکھا، دو ٹوک

“The dissenting judge's trenchant critique of the majority opinion has since been widely cited.”

Eagerness or willingness to fight; fierce aggressiveness.

جارحیت، لڑاکا پن

“The border commander's truculence in early statements gave way to a more measured tone after talks resumed.”

Eager or quick to argue or fight; aggressively defiant.

جھگڑالو، جارح

“The truculent response from the union caught management off guard just as talks seemed to be progressing.”

Cloudy or opaque, as with sediment; confused or muddled.

گدلا، مکدر

“The river ran turbid for weeks after the upstream dam's sluice gates were opened.”

Swollen and distended; pompous or overblown in style.

پھولا ہوا؛ بھاری بھرکم (اسلوب میں)

“The essay's turgid prose obscured what should have been a straightforward argument.”

Depravity; wickedness.

بدکرداری، اخلاقی پستی

“The clause bars anyone convicted of moral turpitude from holding public office.”

Protection of or authority over someone; instruction.

زیرِ تربیت، سرپرستی

“Under the senior judge's tutelage, the young lawyer built a formidable record in constitutional cases.”

A beginner or novice.

نو آموز

“Even as a tyro reporter, she broke a story the seasoned press corps had missed entirely.”

Existing beyond what is obvious or admitted; deliberately kept hidden.

پوشیدہ، پسِ پردہ

“Opposition leaders suspected an ulterior motive behind the sudden goodwill gesture.”

Offense or annoyance.

ناراضی، رنجش

“The ambassador took umbrage at what he called an unwarranted characterization of his country's policy.”

Excessively flattering or ingratiating in a way that is unpleasant.

خوشامدی، چکنی چپڑی باتیں کرنے والا

“The unctuous praise heaped on the retiring chairman fooled no one who had worked under him.”

To weaken gradually or insidiously.

کمزور کرنا، بنیاد ہلانا

“Repeated ordinances bypassing the assembly have steadily undermined the legislature's authority.”

To move with a smooth wave-like motion.

لہرانا، موجوں کی طرح حرکت کرنا

“The wheat fields undulate for miles along the canal-fed plains of central Punjab.”

Unexpected and inappropriate or inconvenient.

ناگوار، غیر متوقع

“Officials insisted nothing untoward had occurred, despite the leaked recording suggesting otherwise.”

To find fault with; to criticize severely.

سرزنش کرنا، ملامت کرنا

“The chief minister publicly upbraided the department for its slow response to the outbreak.”

Excessive vanity, especially about one's own achievements.

خود ستائی، فخر و غرور

“Historians read the monument less as commemoration than as an act of vainglory by its patron.”

Possessing or showing courage; brave.

بہادر، دلیر

“The medal recognized the soldiers' valorous conduct during the rescue operation.”

Offering nothing that is stimulating or challenging; dull.

بے مزہ، پھیکا

“Reviewers found the campaign's slogan vapid, a string of words with no discernible policy behind it.”

Marked with different colors; exhibiting diversity.

رنگ برنگا، متنوع

“The coalition's variegated membership makes even routine legislation a matter of careful negotiation.”

Showing susceptibility to bribery; corrupt.

بدعنوان، رشوت خور

“The commission's report paints a picture of a venal customs department that let the shipment through for a price.”

An attractive appearance that covers or disguises someone's true nature or feelings.

ظاہری چمک، سطحی خوبصورتی

“Behind the veneer of consensus, the coalition's partners disagreed on almost every major clause.”

Denoting a sin or fault that is minor and pardonable.

معمولی، قابلِ معافی (گناہ)

“The tribunal treated the paperwork lapse as a venial error, not the deliberate fraud the prosecution alleged.”

Speaking or representing the truth.

سچا، راست گو

“Independent fact-checkers found the minister's account of the incident to be largely veracious.”

Speech or writing that uses more words than are needed.

طوالت کلام، بے ضرورت الفاظ

“Stripped of its verbiage, the notification simply raised the toll rate by fifteen percent.”

Green with vegetation; lush.

سرسبز، ہرا بھرا

“Satellite images from a decade ago show a far more verdant hillside than exists today.”

Used to emphasize the aptness of a metaphor or description; genuine.

حقیقی، صحیح معنوں میں

“The leaked documents amounted to a veritable roadmap of the scheme's inner workings.”

The last small remaining trace of something that once existed.

باقیات، آثار

“A few colonial-era vestiges still stand amid the city's otherwise modern skyline.”

A change of circumstances, typically unwelcome.

نشیب و فراز، حالات کی تبدیلی

“The party has weathered every vicissitude of the past two decades, from bans to landslide wins.”

The action or state of keeping careful watch for possible danger.

چوکسی، ہوشیاری

“The regulator's renewed vigilance followed a string of near-misses at the port.”

A domineering, violent, or bad-tempered woman.

تیز مزاج، جھگڑالو عورت

“The satirical sketch's caricature of the councillor as a virago drew both laughs and complaints.”

Love of or taste for fine objects of art; rare or curious quality.

فنِ لطیف سے دلچسپی، نادر پن

“The collector's virtu for miniature painting filled an entire wing of the family estate.”

A person's face, with reference to the form or proportions of the features.

چہرہ، شکل

“The statue's weathered visage has watched over the square for over a century.”

To spoil or impair the quality or efficiency of; to corrupt.

خراب کرنا، بگاڑنا (معیار وغیرہ)

“A single procedural lapse was enough to vitiate the entire tender process, the court ruled.”

To berate or insult someone in strong or violent language.

سخت الفاظ میں برا بھلا کہنا

“The columnist has made a career of vituperating public figures without ever offering a constructive alternative.”

To make more lively or interesting; to enliven.

زندگی بخشنا، تازگی دینا

“The new curriculum tries to vivify history lessons with primary-source documents rather than dry chronology.”

Vehement or clamorous; expressing feelings or opinions loudly and forcefully.

شور مچانے والا، شدید احتجاجی

“A vociferous minority in the assembly delayed the vote by nearly four hours.”

Speaking or spoken incessantly and fluently; talkative.

روانی سے بولنے والا، خوش گفتار

“The voluble minister rarely needed prompting to expand on any question put to him.”

To accustom an infant to food other than mother's milk; to make someone gradually give up a habit.

چھڑانا (دودھ یا عادت)

“The subsidy's phased withdrawal is meant to wean the industry off permanent state support.”

Attractive or appealing in appearance or character.

دل کش، پرکشش

“The candidate's winsome campaign style masked a policy platform that was, in truth, quite thin.”

A funeral pile for burning a corpse, or the wood or other material of which it is made.

چتا، آتش سوزی کی لکڑی

“Historians examined burial pyre remains to date the settlement's earliest habitation.”

An uneasy feeling of doubt, worry, or fear, especially about one's own conduct; a scruple.

تشویش، ضمیر کی خلش

“The auditor had no qualms about flagging the minister's own department.”

To argue or raise objections about a trivial matter.

معمولی باتوں پر بحث کرنا

“Rather than quibble over wording, the committee approved the bill's substance unanimously.”

A state or period of inactivity or dormancy.

سکون، بے حرکتی

“The volcano's decades of quiescence ended with barely a week's warning.”

In a state or period of inactivity or dormancy.

ساکن، غیر فعال

“The insurgency had remained largely quiescent since the ceasefire, until this month's attack.”

Exceedingly idealistic; unrealistic and impractical.

خیالی، غیر عملی

“Critics dismissed the reform package as quixotic, given the province's threadbare budget.”

Of or occurring every day; ordinary or everyday.

روزمرہ، معمول کا

“Beneath the quotidian business of the assembly lay a quiet struggle over the next budget.”

A person who tells anecdotes in a skillful and amusing way.

خوش گفتار قصہ گو

“The retired diplomat, a natural raconteur, held the room with stories from three decades of postings.”

To form branches or offshoots; to become complex.

شاخیں پھوٹنا، پھیلنا

“The corruption case soon ramified into a dozen linked inquiries across three provinces.”

Making or constituting a disturbingly harsh and loud noise.

شور شرابے والا، کرخت

“A raucous session in the assembly ended with the speaker adjourning proceedings early.”

Opposing political or social liberalization or reform.

رجعت پسند

“The reactionary wing of the party blocked every attempt to modernize the manifesto.”